파이토케미컬의 항염증 작용

1. 항염증 작용을 가진 파이토케미컬의 작용 기전

항염증 작용을 가진 파이토케미컬의 작용기전은 4가지가 있습니다.  (1) 염증 전사 인자인 NFKB를 억제함으로써 염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 억제하고, Nrf2/AhR 경로를 조절합니다. 경미한 산화스트레스는 NFKB를 감소시키고, 극심한 산화스트레스는 NFKB를 증가시킵니다. AhR 리간드는 산화스트레스를 야기시키는데 NFKB를 증가시킬 수 있고, 감소시킬 수도 있습니다. (2) PLA2, COX, 5-LOX & 12-LOX를 억제합니다. (3) NLRP3 활성을 억제하여 inflmmasome의 활성을 막습니다. (4) iNOS 활성을 억제합니다. 

 

Mediator of inflammasome
inducers	sensors (PRR)	전사인자	mediators	target tissue
tissue damage -> DAMP (danger signal) exogenous -> PAMP, MAMP	TLR: lipoprotein, LPS	NFKB	급성기 사이토카인 ; TNFa IL-1 by inflammasome IL-6	전신반응; 열, 백혈구 증가증 ACTH/코티졸 증가, sickness behavior 급성기 단백질, 혈청 철/아연 감소, 혈청 구리 증가,
	RLR : dsRNA		Chemokine; CCL2, CXCL8	국소반응; rubor, calor, doror, tumor
	NLR : peptidoglycans		Histamine
	c-type lectin receptor : beta glucan		Bradykinin
	c-type scavenger receptor		PLA2->eicosanoids
			iNOS

 

2. 파이토케미컬들의 항염증 기전

파이토케밀컬 중에서 COX, LOX, NFKB 모두를 감소시키는 것은 황금, 커큐민, 인삼의 쇼가올 성분, 퀘르세틴입니다. 

Botanicals	COX 감소	LOX 감소	NFKB 감소
aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis)?
bromelain	0		0?
brassica vegetables			0
capsaicin(Cayenne)	0
carnosol(Rosemary)	0
cats claw			0
chiniese skullcap (scutellaria baicalensis)황금	0	0	0
curcuminoids (tumeric curcuma longa)	0	0	0
devils claw	0		0
echinacea			0
feverfew (tanacetum parthenium)	0		0
garlic			0
gingerol: shogaol (ginger: zingiber offic.)	0	0	0
ginkgo biloba			0
green tea catechins (camellia sinensis)	0		0
indian frankinecense (boswellia serrata)		0	0
licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra)		0
melatonin (ginger, seaweed)	0
milk thistle (silybum marianum)		0	0
onion (allium cepa)		0
pomegranate			0
quercetin (citrus, onion)	0	0	^
thymol (thyme: thymus vulgaris)	0
trans-resveratrol (purple grape, japanese knotweed)	0		0
willow bark(salix species)	0		0

 

3. Common anti-inflammatory botanicals

botanicals	COX	LOX	NFKB	oral dose/days	when to use
curcuminoids (tumeric)	0	0	0	750-1500mg	항염 OA, RA, IBD, lupus
ginger	0	0	0	500-1000mg tid, < 4g of ginger daily, decrease platelet aggregation	any inflmmatoy, OA
quercetin	0	0	^	500-1000mg tid	allergies, asthma, atopic dermatitis
boswliia serrata		0	0	300-400mg tid (37-65% boswellic)	ashtma, IBD, OA, RA
bromelain	0 bradykinin 감소 substance P 감소		0?	250 to 750mg tid AC(standardized)	trauma, post op, sinusitis, OA
devis claw	0		0	400-600mg tid (standardized)	OA, LBP
capsaicin (cayenne)	0 substance P 감소			topical plaster, analgesic counterirritant	LBP. diabetic neuropathy

세포막 염증 차단하는 식물영양소(출처 구글) - 퀘르세틴, 강황, 생강

 

4. Compounds from food sources associated with anti-NLRP3 inflammasome.

category	compounds	molecular mechanisms		resources
stilbenoids	resveratrol	inhibited NLRP3 activation, induced autophagy	impaired caspase-1 & IL-1beta expression reduces the acetylation of cytoplasmic proteins	veraturm album
flavonols	quercetin	suppressed renal NLRP3 activation	impaired caspase-1 & IL-1beta expression	quercetum
flavones	luteoloside	inhibited NLRP3 activation	impaired caspase-1 & IL-1beta expression,  reduces ROS accumulation	honeysuckle
flava-3-ols	catechins	inhibited NLRP3 activation, enhanced autophagy	impaired caspase-1 & IL-1beta expression, enhanced beclin 1 expression	green tea
	EGCG	inhibited NLRP3 activation, enhanced autophagy	impaired caspase-1 & IL-1beta expression, reduced ROS accumulation & NFKB activation & NLRP3 expression	green tea
other phenolic compounds	creosol	inhibited NLRP3 activation	reduced iNOS expression and NO level	bamboo vinegar(BV) 대나무목초액
	proplois extracts	inhibited NLRP3 activation	reduced the IL-1beta secretion	brazilian propolis